Evaluation of Data Protection Act in Childcare

Evaluation of information vindication lick in ChildcargonAnna Karenina Magcamit1.) Choose and evaluate four of the 8 Data Protection roleplay principles, providing examples of how these would be implemented in a kidskin fretting backcloth.The importance of privyity and Data Protection for home establish squirtcare When working in a child care setting it is ofttimes inevitable to come across confidential nurture about children and families you are working with. Confidential learning is in-person teaching, which should not be overlap with unauthorized person or organizations. It also means a child minder should never discuss a child with a paladin or other parents. Most common knowledge held by childcare practitioner are name, address, phone fall, birth epoch, demonstrate of parent(s) and/or emergency contact details, the contact details of the childs GP. All these nurture is to be unplowed confidential as individual hold the mightily to keep education of th is type private. The purpose of the Data protection arrange 1998 is to regulate the use of personal information by unawares letter and organizations. In a childcare setting, childcare suppliers such as child minders result admit to comply with the Act as they are often essential to deal with and keep a large amount of information on each child. Therefore passing information to a third fellowship without the parents consent is illegal. A court stop stay the apocalypse of confidential information by injunction and where appreciate, award damages if un square disclosure has been made It is important to comply with the Data Protection principle when retentiveness childrens personal information that is covered by the act.http//www.studymode.com/essays/The-Importance-Of-Confidentiality-And-Data-972526.htmlPersonal selective information shall be obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and shall not be further processed in any modal value incompatible with that purpose or those purposes.A child care provider should be specific about the reasons for requiring the information to be gathered, and what they are pass to use it for. If, after collecting the data, it is decided to use the information for other purpose, consideration should be departn as to whether this is fair to the individual. If you wish to use data for an additional purpose, further consent should be obtained from the individual and steadfastly held. Good.Personal data shall be right and, where necessary, kept up to date.The quaternary principle is concerned with the accuracy of information that is held. In everyday business practice this is something which is not always easy to guarantee. However, the Act makes provision for this and asks employers to visualize that data is reasonably accurate. How could child carers date that their information remains accurate and street smart?Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for longer tha n is necessary for that purpose or those purposes.This principle hold ups commonly asked guidance as to how long data should be kept for before it is destroyed. The Act is not specific about the continuance of time data should be held for, tho gives guidance on level-headed practice so that organizations are better informed to write their witness policies.Appropriate technical and organizational measures shall be taken against unauthorized or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data.The types of data security utilize leave vary depending on the size of the organization and the number of individuals that information is held on. Information security is concerned with the prevention of data beingness expose to those who whitethorn use it for illegal purposes. For example, fraud, identity theft and those working for organizations that could be at risk of harm by information being divulged. The Act requires t hat appropriate security measures are installed which are sufficient for the information that is being stored. What security measures arsehole the child care setting take to prevent unauthorised processing of data?2.) Evaluate the contain for accurate, legible and up-to-date record keeping, and identify the consequences of non-compliance.It is important to keep records which are up to date to provide accurate, current, comprehensive and concise information concerning the condition and the care involve for all individuals. All records which are produced weather written or electronic moldiness be signed and dated they must also be stored correctly in accordance with that data protection act 1998(The Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) is a United Kingdom Act of fan tan which defines UK law on the processing of data on identifiable alert people. It is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the UK. Although the Act itself does not mention privacy, it was enacted to bring UK law into line with the EU data protection directive of 1995 which required Member States to protect peoples constitutional rights and freedoms and in particular their right to privacy with respect to the processing of personal data.) It is vital that records are kept up to date, as this ensures that the individuals needs are being met, and may also help to overthrow the likelihood of abuse up-to-date is particularly important with regard to practice of medicine changes, food requirements and particular needs that a child may establish,. In addition, up to date contact information is highly important. There is postcode worse than contacting a parent in an emergency and realizing that the mobile number on the childs information form is an old one.Practitioners must make sure they record information clearly, accurately and up to date. The parents should have a free approach path to their children files information should not be kept for longer than nece ssarily and always stored in a secure place. all(prenominal) setting should have policies and procedures about how to record and store information which occupy Ofsted requirements and are agree with the government law Data Protection Act 1998. The policies should include information about different ways when comes to record information such observations, risk assessment, incidents, medical information about the child or special diet requirements, concerns or information about the child progress, record of any meetings or conversations with the parents and other professionals. Keeping records of every work its an essential part of a job when working with children.When recording information practitioner must consult with the manager if he is unsure keep venture any spelling errors when using a electronic estimator , store them in a place where nobody else have access to. keep the information clear, short and as accurate as possible so the other member can carry on if the ke y person is take away avoid using childrens names and pictures to maintain confidentiality when writing in observation sheet the record must show that the childs needs has been met and identified in case of any concerns about the child practitioner must contact the manager first before do any notes some information needs to be recorded in a specific format or using specific templates according to Common Assessment Framework information which are stored on the computer must have the encryption software which design to encrypt computer data in a way that it cannot be recovered without access to the key.http//www.studymode.com/essays/Describe-Why-Is-Important-To-Record-1818045.htmlYour whole answer for this question has been taken from the above website. This is plagiarism as you are submitting other persons work as your own. You need to write your answers in your own words to demonstrate your understanding of the subject. If you wish to reference, you should include short quot ations that support the points that you have made. You cannot include full answers as a reference.3.) pardon the different ways of recording digital and paper records in the child care setting.Digital data- Digital data can be passably more temperamental than paper records, due to the sometimes unpredictable disposition of information technology. When recording data on a computer, it is necessary to ensure that adequate and reliable methods of backing up the data are utilise so that if the computer malfunctions or becomes damaged, the files can be safely retrieved onto another system. For a home child care provider, the easiest way of backing up data is to use a portable hard drive which can be plugged in to the computer and data saved onto it, it should be stored in a safe place, which is preferably locked, as it will contain confidential information. It is good practice to take a ceaseless (weekly) back up, so that a situation of data loss occurring is minimized.The data that is stored on the computer should be protected by a password. When you switch a computer on, the settings allow for a desktop password to be employed. This should be used so that if the laptop is ever stolen, the data contained within it will be safe.Paper storage- Paper records are generally more accessible, and so should be stored safely and securely depending of the type of information that is recorded.For example, child records and information relating to medication and special requirements may need to be easily accessible. However, monetary information, particularly in a large setting where staff may be employed, will need to be filed away in a locked cupboard or cabinet.4.) Identify the primary types of data storage for digital and paper records, and evaluate the best option for a home childcare setting.Computer software- The advantages of using bill software is that many reports are already written into the software that are required to be submitted to HMRC for tax purpose s, which can cut down the amount of work when processing the end of grade accounts. However, a disadvantage is that sometimes pre-designed accounting software does not give users the degree of flexibility that is required to design their own reports, and can sometimes prove time consuming and complex.As a child care provider, as previously discussed, it will be necessary to undergo regular that are pertinent to the business, and not personal financial records.Manual Records- it is abruptly possible to run a home child care, or larger child care setting, by using a manual accounting system. There are many excellent accounting books available to purchase, curiously those through the National Child Minding Association which provides a range of stationery and accounting equipment for home child care providers.For me the perfect type of data storage to run a home child care setting is the Manual records because If updated regularly, manual records are just as useful for preparing end -of-year accounts, but they do not have the flexibility to construct individual reports for example, a list of expenses month-by-month, or a list of annual income. This will need to be added separately. And not only school expenses or accounting discussion section but also for all the records of the children all throughout the year, some documents need to be signed by the parents and the child carer so it is ideal to have the manual records.ReferencesData protection act 1998- http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Act_1998Offenceshttp//www.studymode.com/essays/The-Importance-Of-Confidentiality-And-Data-972526.htmlhttp//www.studymode.com/essays/Describe-Why-Is-Important-To-Record-1818045.html

Spanish Essays Euskadi Ta Askatasuna

Spanish Essays Euskadi Ta AskatasunaThe Evolution of the social docuwork forcetation for ETA from its foundation to present day.DISCUSSIONModern-day Spain is comprised of heptadteen autonomous communities, some(prenominal) of whom sh ar ethnical ties. However, the primary galvanizing force behind the Spanish kingdom was Catholicism, established as a state religion sideline the expulsion of Moorish conquerors in the late 15th century. As a result, Catholicism, non ethnicity, became the tie that bound the seventeen communities under the Spanish monarchy. Comp ared with the remainder of the various provinces of Spain, the Basque hoi polloi wee-wee little in leafy vegetable lingually speaking. Like Catalunia, Pais Vasco, or Basque Country, is one of the wealthiest regions of Spain, today the point of the Spanish economical spear. It came naturally that a separationist dejection would evolve much the like the Kurds of the midway East who give strong populations in Iraq, Ir an, Syria, and Turkey, the Basque people are scattered crossways northern Spain and southwestern France. As the separatist follow up grew under the brutal dictatorship of General Francisco Franco, a part of the Basque flag-waving(a) faeces resorted to violence, manifested in 1959 with the creation of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), a notorious terrorist company who today has claimed responsibility for the stopping points of to a greater extent than 800 Spaniards (West 1998, p. xxv). Viewed by some in Spain and everyplaceseas as little more than v lightains, ETA is in addition positively regarded by others for their in advance views on operate, religion, and socialism.The Spanish government regards ETA as a terrorist group and refuses to subject to its demands as long as attacks are carried out against the civilian population. To Spain, ETA is comprised of separatists who would cheer anarchy and chaos to achieve their goals. ETAs violence was sporadic from its arising in 1959. ETA first introduced its version of patriotism in 1961, when it undertook its first gird action (Kasmir 1996, p. 97). though unsuccessful, the Basque jingoistic movement had begun stirring in Spanish semi semipolitical thought. Initially disregarded as a negligible movement, the Spanish government however began to pay real attention to Basque nationalism after(prenominal)ward the 1968 assassination of San Sebastian police commissioner Meliton Manzanas and traffic policeman Jose Pardines (Mansvelt 2005, p. 66). irrelevant other separatist movements of the world, however, public opinion supported ETA, as Manzanas was notorious for torture. Immense topical anesthetic support from Basque areas prompted ETA to continue their attacks, earning the Basque cause the collective enmity of a great(p) portion of the Spanish people. though perceived from an outside(a) stance as a contained military operation, the prevailing Spanish fear of Basque violence is the longevity of th e movement. Unlike the two Palestinian Intifadas of 1987 and 2000, the Basque movement has existed as a boisterous movement for more than forty years, making compromise seem impossible. In addition, the violence incurred rarely involves civilians unlike Palestinian and Irish separatist violence, ETA attacks order political and governmental figures. In addition, 77% of ETA attacks take place inwardly Euskadi (Mansvelt 2005, p. 177). Very rarely do ETA attacks take place in major(ip) urban hubs much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Madrid or Barcelona. Neither Spain nor the Basque jingoistics are willing to accept anything less than the complete realization of their goals. Spains ripening unemployment and waning economy cannot afford a Basque secession, and ETA cannot bear what they perceive is palpable inequities in the Spanish political system. though support was considered by the average Spanish citizen during ETAs fledgling years, moral eulogy plummeted with the increase of ETA violence, piquing in the 1980s.Many Spaniards find it difficult to empathize with the Basque cause because of the nature of the design for a Basque state. After all, roughly of the other communities speak several(predicate) languages. The Spanish government feels it has made enough c at one timessions toward ethno regionalism with its granting of relative autonomy among the different provinces (Mansvelt 2005, p. 176). Castilian, the ordained Spanish language, is uttern natively only(prenominal) in Madrid. Because of the linguistic diversity of the quell of Spain and the common Catholic religion, most Spaniards do not see the system of logic in Basque secession. ETAs non-militant factions fight to contend this position, using language activism as a means of rallying support from its non-radical contingencies (Mansvelt 2005, p. 93). That ETA can utilize such unorthodox means of separation makes the Basque jingoistic movement entirely unique. Unlike Ireland, which fought Bri tain on the pretext of religion, ETA finds itself struggling to secure the most obvious cultural differences as reasons behind secession. ETAs lingual separation manifests itself in France as well, its terrorist campaign also in pursuit of political independence for all seven Basque provinces (West 1998, p. xv). Much like its diversified separatist logic base, ETAs social organisation is multi-tiered so as to invoke all support possible. Scholars liken the government of ETA to other baseless movements such as the Irish Republican host (IRA), the Shining Path, and neo-Nazi groups because their combatants are usually young males (Mansvelt 2005, p. 183). In addition, ETA features several different tiers of action, extending its appeal to all faces of society. Basque ETA volunteers participate in several levels of personal elaborateness the first and highest one concerns direct commitment to ETA (Mansvelt 2005, p. 183). The most evident level of involvement, this level includes arm ed militants who engage in highly organized strikes on Spanish soil. The second involves those willing to engage in rioting and gang-like violence. The thirdly and lowest comprises those who support ETA actions by voting for Basque nationalist parties. The legal faces of ETA, political parties and means are always approached first. Violence is also dismissed in favor of extorting businessmen, professionals, and other persons eligible to pay impuesto revolucionario, or revolutionary taxes (Mansvelt 2005, p. 178). Though revolutionary taxes used to be confined to the wealthy and privileged, ETA often functions in manners reminiscent of Il Cosa Nostra, or the Italian mob, in its extortion of itsy-bitsy business owners and other people of average economic stature. Championing the cause of the people, and so, has therefore turned into an organized crime syndicate, earning provided spite from the Spanish majority, umteen of whom may have been erstwhile supporters of the nationalist c ause. The conservative contingent of Basque clownish has begun to shy away from ETAs staunch militarism on account of the railroad tie ETA has with anti-system movements, ecologists, squatters, radical feminists, and other movements attributed to the ideological package of the violent organization (Mansvelt 2005, p. 179).Though socially wanton causes typically earn the respect and sympathies of umpteen across the world, ETA has often likened itself to other separatist movements in its violent protests. ETAs lane violence, for example, was often inspired by the situation in Palestine and IRA-linked actions in Northern Ireland, evidenced by the Palestinian shawls and IRA provisional sweaters wear during riots (Mansvelt 2005, p. 179). These demonstrations, while garnering support from other separatist movements, prevent the Basque movement from gaining planetary European support, e extraly among countries such as the United Kingdom and Serbia. ETAs violence strikes a particular ly resonant chord in its distinct successes a Basque targeted assassination claimed the life of then-Prime Minister Luis Carrero Blanco in 1973 (Shafir 1995, p. 11). Europe could ill afford more instability on the continent, already facing the mount ethnic tensions of the Eastern Bloc. Furthermore, the forced segregation in Basque country over non-Basque Spaniards instituted to regain cultural and political clout as a defense of Basque identity prevented the integrated communities of metropolitan cities such as Berlin, Paris, London, and Rome to empathize immigration is still a sensitive topic in many European circles (Kasmir 1996, p. 81). Israeli scholar Gershon Shafir notes the general academic disdain for violent extremism, especially unusual in a developed area such as Euskadi, whose citizens enjoy a higher standard of life than most all other Europeans. Many in the world(prenominal) community are wary of the Basque movement as they feel it is not just a matter of opposition to administrative centralization but also to capitalistic economy itself (Shafir 1995, p. 88). American intervention is henceforth a completely forgone conclusion, as a threat to capitalism equates with a natural misalignment with the North American superpower.The Basque nationalist movement is not only contained within Spain, however. Basque nationalists have instated a European Chapter in their programs in an attempt to internationalize the movement (Mansvelt 2005, p. 162). Following ETAs example, many French Basque groups have emerged, among them an organization known as Iparretarrak who since 1973 have used violence, dividing the French Basque community between those who support and those who censure violent measures (Mansvelt 2005, p. 101). Resorting to violence and spurring like-minded movements across national borders has only led to the international association of virulent nationalism with violence, particularly the Basque dishonor of nationalism. ETAs manifestation in F rance has mirrored its Spanish counterpart, spreading course violence and polarizing the youth. Following the ETA return to violence, its legal face has been disaffected, losing credibility as a shrewd movement. While Basque politicians lobby fiercely for independence, ETA hampers all establish in its criminal activity. The international face ETA presents to world media is one of radicalist ideology, not desperate nationalist endeavor. Much like the oppressive Muslim countries of the Middle East, ETA has suppressed publications, the press, and airs one-sided nationalist views on Basque TV, moulding serious doubts on the pluralist pretensions of the nationalists and their institutions (Mansvelt 2005, p. 162). The measures taken by ETAs militant travel are predominantly those of intimidation, idle threats shouted by young men in the manner of Fatah and Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) endocarp throwing.However villainous they are regarded, ETA is also highly regarded am ong liberal circles for their liberal views and all-inclusion of a Basque state. Social support began nominally upon ETAs founding in 1959 by other separatist movements such as those in Catalunia once ETA began assassinating Spanish authorities in Euskadi and abroad, however, public support waned and became relegated to liberal radicals. anterior to ETAs establishment, the Basque nationalist movement had not mobilized militarily consequently, the Spanish people regarded the conflict as a matter of ideals, understandable, as Franco-era Spain was incredibly repressive. Francos repression earned ETA such sympathy that in the waning years of the dictatorship, Basque nationalism and specifically ETA, presented the most daring challenge to Franco and as such attracted a novel degree of sympathy for the local cause which even wide to workers of non-Basque origin (Shafir 1995, p. 115). ETA members were constantly martyred during heightened periods of tension in the 1980s, quest Francos d eath and the democratization of Spain when high-ranking Spanish politicians and civil servants created Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberacion (GAL), death squads who killed, took hostage, and illegally arrested conjectural ETA members (Mansvelt 2005, p. 65). The evolving Spanish government and economy began to take on more capitalist undertones, and liberal Spanish youth began to side with the unabashedly socialist nationalism that permeated North and East Spain. In addition, the heavily unionized nature of Spain ab initio lent ETA moral support. Unionization and egalitarian tendencies of Basque nationalism are wholly unique, and by their nature earned the respect of immigrants and Spaniards alike. Unlike most nationalist movements, ETAs cause is linguistically, not racially based. Basque scholars easily solved the modern African and Middle Eastern immigrant issues facing Europe. Even Algerian and Maroc nationals could take part in the Basque movement, so long as they spoke Euskar a (Basque). ETA adopt a more accommodationist perspective toward immigrants, though one of indefinite coherence (Shafir 1995, p. 4). A byproduct of the Basque attempt to disregard religion and race as inherently Spaniard traits, the universal albeit conditional acceptance of foreigners earned the approval of many American and British scholars. Popular support for ETA and the Basque nationalist movement is represented in ETA membership in countries such as Algeria, Argentina, Belgium, mantel Verde, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Germany, Holland, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Panama, Sao Tome and Principe, Uruguay, and Venezuela (ICT 2003).Unlike the majority of the heavily Catholic Spanish nation, the Basque leftist nationalist movement sparked by ETA is accepting of other like-minded populations including homosexuals, feminists, and socialists. earlier to the escalation of Basque violence the Spanish working class shared the socialist sentiments of the movement, though they did not approve of secession. Socialisms supporters rallied around the Basque cry that petition to the Spanish government was built in the belly of capitalism (Kasmir 1996, p. 87). The common values of the Basque nationalist movement naturally politically aligned the ETA with Marxist elements of Europe, which called for a popular uprising among the people. A large student movement known as las Cabras formed, whose sole procedure was the propagandizing of Spanish civil buildings as a student movement, the Basque nationalist struggle became one supported in higher intellectual structures, bolstering its reputation as inherently more rational than the Irish separatists who were of the kindred race and religion as their British occupiers (Kasmir 1996, p. 97). The general international acceptance of the Basque movement despite the ETAs violence is suggestive of the many shared goals nationalist movements share. Unlike the secessionist Kashmiri movement of India that could perhaps d estroy Indian unity, Basque nationalism would have no such unfavourable affect. The world recognizes this, as do the Basques and Spaniards. Popular support stems mostly from economic sympathy the Basque population enjoys a much higher standard of biography than the average Spaniard. The feasibility of the Basque movement is another reason behind international approval the potential Basque state may very well be as wealthy as Luxembourg if given independence.CONCLUSIONintemperately influenced by the IRA and PLO, ETA took cues from tranquility developments in the other organizations, attempting to secure a 1992 peace treaty with Spain in a secret Algerian summit. However, the unstated line positions taken by the Spanish government prevented a peace from being reach, and the conflict continued, stopping for a brief 14-month ceasefire. The majority of the Spanish population had begun to call for an end to ETA violence by 1992, especially after Spanish immigrants to Basque country r eported prejudice and hostility. ETA is rightly perceived to the same degree as the rest of the world perceives Islamic militancy its purpose and rationale do not appeal to many Spaniards who are ineffective to see the logic behind secession, especially after the post-Franco democratic governments granted cultural and relative administrative autonomy.ETA had plentiful public support in Spain and abroad from its 1959 inception to its first political killing in 1968 following its militant activity, ETAs support system was reduced to other international separatist movements such as the Palestinian Intifada and the British outpouring campaigns of the IRA. The intellectual revival of socialism in Europe in the seventies then garnered the support of the worlds students, especially given the consideration of Basque nationalism.ETAs goals appeal to many outside Basque Spain the conditional inclusion of immigrants and other ethnic groups is a relatively innovative tool in the nationalist struggle. African movements such as Black Nationalism under Ugandas Idi Amin were fascist in nature. ETA supported immigrants so long as they adopted Euskara as a first language, a historically opposite action to the Spanish Inquisition that made Catholicism the binding religion of the Spanish people in the late 15th century. Like the IRA and Sinn Fein, ETA and its political affiliates struggle within the system, resorting to violence sporadically and at times inopportunely. Though they stop short of denouncing ETA publicly, Basque nationalist politicians are perceived as more representative of the movement than ETA, allowing the common Spaniard the luxury of sympathizing with the Basque movement while concurrently denouncing ETA.The Basque Diaspora in France and Spain, though morally unified, has not merged ideologically as French Basque populations are wary of ETA violence. Identifying themselves more with France than with a Basque nation, the French Basque populations coiffe as a constant counter to Basque contentions of secession. Their obstinate rejection of violence further discredits ETA worldwide. In addition, the Spanish-speaking ETAs foot soldiers only lend a more Spanish identity to the Basques, lending doubt to the authenticity of ETAs ethnic and linguistic claims. Spanish support of ETA and the Basque nationalist cause happened only when ETA called for a cease-fire during the first years of the Aznar administration. When Aznar agreed to discuss Basque scathe and the future existence of a Basque state, Spaniards from all parts of the country menace secession unless their demands were also met the wealthy Basque state poised a special threat to Spanish cohesion. However, ETA also provided Spain with a common enemy Galicians, Catalans, and Castilians have little in common, outside their shared trepidation and revulsion of militancy. The ETA unavoidably Spain to a degree without Spanish repression, the ETA would be just another ultra group. Amon g Basques themselves, the standing of ETA is difficult to measure (Shafir 1995, p. 201). Recent demonstrations against ETA violence have recurred since the declination 1999 end of ETAs ceasefire. However, many demonstrations in support of ETA have also taken place the rift between those advocating violence and those condoning it continues to grow today. Whether regarded as villains or heroes, most Spaniards and people abroad will agree that ETA exists for a purpose, willing to sacrifice itself for a belief, unlike the GAL and Spanish insurgent groups of the past (Mansvelt 2005, p. 68). The future of ETA and the Basque nationalist movement, however, lies with extremist groups both against and for secession.BIBLIOGRAPHYClark, Robert P. (1979) The Basques, the Franco Years and Beyond. Reno, Nevada U of Nevada P.Kasmir, Sharryn. (1996) The Myth of Mondragaon Cooperatives, Politics, and Working- class Life in a Basque Town. Albany, State U of New York P.Mansvelt-Beck, J. (2005) Territo ry and Terror scraping Nationalisms in the Basque Country. London, Taylor and Francis Routledge.Shafir, Gershon. (1995) Immigrants and Nationalists Ethnic Conflict and Accommodationin Catalonia, the Basque Country, Latvia and Estonia. Albany, State U of New York P.West, Geoffrey. (1998) Basque Region. London, World Bibliographical Series.

Mcdonalds Marketing Campaigns And Glocalisation Marketing Essay

Mcdonalds Marketing Campaigns And G topical anestheticisation Marketing EssayMcDonalds every(prenominal)iance is the instaurations largest be adrift of a function of hamburger exuberant sustenance restaurants, serving to a greater outcome than 58 million customers daily (McDonalds- smart set history). The smart set came into existence in 1940 by two br new(prenominal)s Richard and Maurice McDonald in San Berdardino, California. The crapper was the pi unrivaleder in introducing Speedee Service trunk in 1948, which is now known as fast solid food. The present skunk dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc in Des Plaines, Illinois on April 15, 1955. Kroc later on went to purchase the McDonalds br early(a) truth from the company. The commit of aggressive businesses practices is what defined him as an person (www.wikipedia.com). One of the primary(prenominal) calculates for McDonalds immense growth over the years came from G topical anaes theticization, where they started entry new markets by either passing gameing a franchisee, an affiliate or the stack itself. The tidy sums revenues came from rent, royalties and fees paying by the franchisees as sound as sales generated from the company possess outlets. G localisation (or glocalization) is a combination of orbiculateization and localization. By definition, the term glocal refers to an individual, group, division, unit, organisation, and connection which be willing and able to think world(prenominal)ly and act locally (ABCs neighborly Media, September 18th 2008). McDonalds take aim spread their business to many other(a) countries and rely heavily upon the importance of thinking world(a) and acting local in order to suit the tastes and preferences of cultures of motley countries. Kroc believed the fraternity could make more m stary if it appea guide to children and went onto sponsoring a kids TV show called bozo the clown (www.bbc.co.uk, A brief hist ory of McDonalds). McDonalds continued to grow as a chain over the USA. Having covered the states, McDonalds first overseas restaurant was in Australia in 1971. The company made its presence felt in near of the European countries. besides, the locoweed noticed an immense demand and a young spirited market in the Indian sub-continent. McDonalds first entered India in October 1996 by establishing a joint venture in impertinently Delhi managed by 2 Indians Amit Jatia the managing conductor of Hardcastle Restaurants spearheaded McDonalds in west and south India while McDonalds in North and atomic number 99 of India argon owned and managed by Vikram Bakshi the entrepreneur of Connaught plaza restaurants (www.mcdonaldsindia.com). McDonalds has won several(prenominal) awards in consecutive years from 2001-07. It has built a strong carnal knowledge with more than 2.75 lakh customers who place their trust in the note workaday by providing them the highest select of food and at a g reat abide by.OBJECTIVES OF MCDONALDS (company perspective)-McDonalds underwent a lot of changes in order to adapt to the Indian market. As menti wizd by McDonalds management in their Indian meshingsite- Our strategy is to achieve best value by enhancing experience (offering best quality), while keeping values low.The objectives of the dope expect unchanged as they follow the same procedure which defines their global standard. Their principal(prenominal)(prenominal) emphasis is on providing food that is serviced hot and newfangled, made from the highest quality ingredients, served indoors minutes of placing the order (www.mcdonaldsindia.com).However, the companies main objectives in order to ensure consumers have a sincerely Indian experience is-Local sourcing is the key for truly Indian harvest-homeions- the corporation has developed local Indian businesses, which supply them the highest quality reapings required for their Indian operations.Respect for Indian customs and culture- McDonalds worldwide is well known for the high degree of respect to local culture. In landmark with its respect for local culture, India is the first uncouth where the corporation does not offer any pork or beef.An employer of opportunity- an employer of opportunity, providing long term c arers and quality use of goods and services to the Indian population.Quality, service, cleanliness and value- this is McDonalds USP to provide high quality harvest-festivals, served quickly with a smiling and in a clean and pleasant environment.Community partnerships- the corporation believes in giving back to the community it serves.Source- (Mcdonaldsindia)PROMOTIONFrom a marketers point of view, the corporation underwent a huge change in order to market its products in India. Since most of the western nations nearly share the same taste and culture, the corporation uses the theory of standardization since there is hardly any difference in the pagan aspect. However, entering th e Indian subcontinent, which differs signifi tailtly from the west and also other Asian countries, the corporation got involved in in-depth query before entering the market.Press coverageMedia advertisements and tag lines- Media for children- McDonalds advertised their kids meal on cartoon channels by showing a free toy with the purchase of a burger, which attracted a lot of attention to young children.Community work- community work always catches the eyes of the press. The corporation has participated in several field which contri savee to the community as a whole. Example- the mayors marathon for cleanliness, the BMC-McDonalds (Bombay municipal corporation) health seminar, housing charities, supporting pulse polio etc.Source- (http//www.mcdonaldsindia.com/mediacenter.html)This brings me to discussing what this search would conduct. The main subject this inquiry would be contributing towards is whether by thinking global and acting local and the corporations selling objectiv es overhaul McDonalds attain a moneymaking and positive consumer base in the Indian subcontinent.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYMarketing military campaigns- acuity of individuals to participate in marketing campaigns. Example- during a festival, are consumers alert of the receive to win a free iPod or to dine in with a celebrity.Marketing com undulateture- how has McDonalds utilise the marketing mix to adapt itself to the Indian Market. heathenish difference- to notice till what extent has McDonalds gone to ethnically adapt itself to the market.promotional and penetrating strategies adopted by McDonalds with regard to intricacy plans and market dominance.Purpose- why do consumers chose McDonalds. This field would encompass the practical idea of cost advised consumers, societys influence of purchasing patterns, influence of the west, consistency provided by the corporation, influence of children in choosing McDonalds, relaxed environment and advertisement campaigns/ hearty campai gns.New fancys- asking individuals how McDonalds can serve their customers better. This might be in the form of having more location, introducing a supposition such a drive thru in more locations, adding more to their existing menu in order to avoid repetitive purchase and stagnancy. limit pointThis research survey would be targeted towards gaining information on consumers in India and their cognizance over McDonalds marketing objectives and how well has their Glocalization (thinking global and acting local) campaign suffice individuals develop loyalty towards the brand. From a companies perspective, the research would help understand and report the corporations marketing activities but however would not give an insight into the budget that is allocated for them to carry out their tasks.Chapter one introduction to the seeIntroductionObjectives of the studyScope of the studyChapter two global marketing2.1 The paradoxes of globalisation2.2 The globalization fulfil2.3 The pos ture of planetary brands2.4 Global brands- The cobnsumer point of view2.5 Global market entry strategies2.6 Configuring the global marketing mix2.7 The product2.8 The price2.9 The distribution channels2.10 The promotionChapter three methodology3.1 Introduction3.2 The parapraxis study method3.3 Applying the explorative case study method3.4 The interviewees3.5 The interviews centeringChapter four Mcdonalds the globalization processThe make-Up world market ingathering categoriesSegmentation of the marketThe value of the marketThe expansion strategyNew market developmentThe marketing mixChapter five conclusionsIntroductionimplemented strategies analysisProblem identificationRecommendationsCulture and competitive advantage powerful multinational division structureFuture managerial applicationsAbstractThe exploratory research helps identify and examine how McDonalds corporation manages its marketing strategies ground on the concept of Globalization. It helps examine and explore how t he the Statesn fast food demon has adapted to the local taste and preferences of individuals in the Indian Sub-continent.Based on the concept of globalization and entering international markets, this research identifies the marketing strategies used by McDonalds corporation with respect to the marketing mix, buyer behavior ground on consumer percept, heathenish rendering and promotional tools for further business expansionQualitative research used in this research encompasses interviewing branch managers of McDonalds in selected location in India. The research also focuses on the perception and buy behavior of individuals who dine in McDonalds. The information obtained defines detailed description of various responses from the individuals interviewed, which in conclusion led to the completion of the research of how the corporation has used globalization and its tools for its marketing strategies in the Indian Sub-continent.Since globalization is a broad concept, the further l imitation that this research faces is the clash of cultures, which can be defined as the main driver for problems associated with globalization. The problem identified in the research is based both on basis of society and the organization. This study is based completely on the concept of globalization used by McDonalds for its marketing strategies in the Indian sub-continent and there is no mentioning of comparisons to McDonalds outlets in different countries since the cross cultural analysis would be very limited and would result in the research being incomplete.Eventually, recommendations in the conclusion column is mentioned to address the future strategies that can help McDonalds achieve a more profound and effective mount for achieving a higher market growth.CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW accounting entryGlobalization describes the process by which regional economies, societies and cultures have become incorporated through a global network of communication, transportation and trade. However, there are several limitations associated with globalization from, the main factor being cross cultural analysis. This is where a new concept emerged, the term Glocalization, meaning think global by acting local. McDonalds have spread their business to many other countries and rely heavily upon the importance of thinking global and acting local in order to suit the tastes and preferences of cultures of various countries. Emphasising on this factor has helped the corporation build effective marketing strategies which have led to a advantageous consumer base in India.In order to identify and the marketing objectives of the corporation and the perception that individuals have of the global brand, quantitative research can help establish a base/platform for identifying how these factors contribute to the success of McDonalds in India.To help identify the major objectives of the research, the following forms of secondary research are used-Internal company dataSurveysJourn alsWeb articlesComputerized databasesMETHODOLOGYSecondary research can be helpful in identifying the current problem but does not guarantee any solution to the problem at hand. The McDonalds corporation has entered the market only to be welcomed. Years of research have led the corporation to a everlasting(a) understanding of the culture and sen erants of the public. The globalization process helps us understand that the buying process does not adhere to the product itself but is associated with fundamental cultural attributes/values which McDonalds understand and values. gibe to McDonalds aged management (www.mcdonaldsindia.com), standardization of their product is the main phenomena behind their company objectives. However, one key drawback to standardization is that it refers to a product rather than a consumer. A standardized product might be a failure when the cultural aspect comes into question. Hence the adaptation strategy used by McDonalds emphasizes on the consumer more than the product that they offer. (Cateora, 1993) mentions marketeers must be made aware of the respective(a) cultures present in other countries if they intend on having a lucrative international expansion.Applying qualitative research in the form of journal articles, web articles and internal data helps formulate an appropriate research design (Naresh k Malhotra, Marketing research, page 96). Using the corporations internal data, the research identifies what types of entry and adaptation strategies have McDonalds used in India to give its product a decisive Indian touch.Before entering the market, McDonalds had to understand the nature and consumption patterns on the Indian fast food industry. The staple fast food viands of individuals before the introduction of McDonalds was- pizza, burgers, chaat (traditional), vada pav (traditional), pani puri (traditional) etc. the leading fast food joints in this sector were Nirulas for pizzas and hot dogs (www.nirulas.com), Wimpys for it s burgers, pizza corner, Haladirams for traditional and global fast food cuisine and several other local competitors. The corporation realized and soundless the potential for growth in this sector. According to the Government of India website (http//business.gov.in/Industry_services/retailing.php), India is one of the most attractive markets for retail investment. Many national and global players have been invest in the retail segment and have ambitious plans for further expansion. The ample middle class with rising purchasing power are attracting global retail giants into the some untapped retail industry. Some of the international players already present in the Indian market include fast food chains like McDonalds and Pizza Huts Dominos Levis Lee Nike Adidas Benetton Sony Sharp Kodak etc. The investment opportunities in the domestic retail industry lay in most of the product categories particularly food and grocery (the largest category).According to (McDonalds India), the com pany invested four years to develop its unique cold chain, which has brought about a veritable revolution in food handling, immensely benefitting the farmers at one end and enabling customers to get the highest quality food products, absolutely fresh and at a great value. By using the theory discernment pricing, McDonalds priced its products at rates fairly less in comparison to its global locations. Example- a Mc chicken meal in London cost a person 3.5 GBP. The same meal in India would cost an individual $ 1. Its exclusive vegetarian burgers cost less than 30 pence.Another interesting factor that revolves around the taste a quality that differs from region to region in McDonalds products in order to serve the local taste that consumers prefer, the corporation discrete to outsource their supplies to local supplier, hence keeping costs down which eventually benefits both consumers and the corporation. With regards to globalization, the corporation has set its objectives to offering their customers a complete Indian experience, which suits their culture.From a consumers perspective, branding plays an important role when it comes to choosing a product. As mentioned by ( ), the spending patterns of the Indian consumers has evolved over time. The maximum they tend to spend is on food. Since trade and commerce is growing in the country, the consumers are more aware of international brands entering the market and being bombarded with several advertisements which catches their attention and sentiments. localisation OF MCDONALDSThe corporate strategy of every multi-national corporation is to enter international markets. According to Keegan (1999), there are three product categories in the local-to-global continuum national, international and global. However with regards to McDonalds, the research would only compare the differences in a national product and a global product.A national product is the one that, in a context of a particular company is offered in a single national market. Sometimes national products appear when a global company caters to the needs and preferences of countries sacramental manduction similar cultures. Example- McDonalds has its standardized product which it sells the world over Mc Aloo Tikki. Since the majority of the population in India are vegetarian, the corporation introduced its first vegetarian burger which suits the tastes and preferences of the local population and the major share of sales for McDonalds in India is derived from its vegetarian products. (www.mcdonaldsindia.com)A global product is offered in global markets. They are international and multi-regional. Example- McDonalds serves its Mc chicken burger in America, Europe, Asia, South East Asia, Australia and NewZealand. This is because the nature of the product suits the tastes and preferences of most cultures.By consulting web articles from ( ), the research identifies approach adopted by McDonalds to advertise its products in India. This would help the research identify the marketing mix adopted by the corporation to suit the Indian sub-continent. Since McDonalds is a global brand, its marketing mix varies from region to region catering to the difference in consumer taste and preferences as well as perception. Perception is what holds the key to positioning a brand. According to Trout and Ries, positioning is not what you do to a product. berth is what you do to the mind of the prospect. That is, you position (place) the product in the mind of the prospect. Since that time in marketing, positioning is the technique in which marketers try to create an visualise or identity for a product, brand, or company in the perception of the target market. What matter is how potential buyers see the product? It is expressed relational to the position of the competitors.Another factor that proves to be a factor which effectuate globalization is communication. Globalization does bring the world together but however, sharing of cultures and languages of different regions can be a strenuous task not resulting in productivity at times. However the concept of glocalization questions this statement. Having a thorough knowledge of any market can only be practical if there is a local citizen belonging to that region working with you. Hence, having tie-ups and the concept of franchising has helped McDonalds corporation overcome this dilemma and grow in a country where language would have been the main barrier.Quantitative research has helped the research identify how McDonalds promotes its product in a country consisting of a vast social diversity. As mentioned by a web article by (DR. Amit Rangnekar), India as a country has 20 different languages, 800 + dialects and 8 languages for national launch, can make a new product launch for any multi-national company risky and difficult by not choosing the right medium.Extensive use of the media helped capture the attention of several audiences. The corporation understood the se ntiments of the population, which helped them, establish a proper communication network to address the needs of the consumers in all major languages spoken. Focussing on the Indian population, the corporation has gone to the extent of creating advertisements which capture the attention of the audience. Example- Leo Burnetts advertisement and taglines for McDonalds India- for the happy meal which was introduced in 1997 what your bahaana is? meaning what is your excuse. purane zamaane ka daam, bees mein full dhamaal- meaning (prices so low that would attract your ancestors, respect a blast by paying only Rs 20) and recently Im lovely it.McDonalds has undergone a lot of press coverage. As quoted by (The Hindu demarcation Line)- happy to go McDesi covers how McDonalds besides adapting to Indian tastes is offering a range of touch points for customers on the go. It is focussed on having its presence felt in all spheres right from petrol pumps to kiosks to drive thru and home delivery. (http//www.mcdonaldsindia.com/mediacenter.html)With reference to these advertisements and slogans, the research identifies the significant impact a thoroughly understood marketing campaign has on individuals. The brand has positioned itself to suit pockets of nearly all individuals. With my personal experience, the product that is priced the cheapest in McDonalds India, can suit the pocket of a Labour, who own $ 10/day. Understanding the value and sentiments of individuals has the corporation develop a profound and fiducial consumer base.According to Dr. Amit Rangnekar of NMIMS, McDonaldsstrategy is based on 5 key drivers of exceptional consumer experiences- populate + the 4 Ps and founded on the belief of 3 success components- working(a)Leadership marketingInnovationThe intent of delivering an exceptional experience to almost 2.75 lakh people a day who place their trust in the brand and offering better efficiency and speed of service is what differentiates McDonalds from local c ounterparts in India. The efficiency with which they use their resources and the use of technology helps them retain their brand essence.Consumer perception associated with global brands has evolved over the years. According to a survey conducted by (KSA Technopak), the sector for eating out is growing tremendously, since consumer spending is increasing. The Urban fast food sector is growing at a rate of 20 % and quotes McDonalds is just not a substitute for Indian food, its just one more option for people to exercise.Indians want a taste of America but not on a regular basis as quoted by survey conducted by KSA Technopak and Dr. Amit Rangnekar. Inflexibility in the product mix could be their undoing. However, innovation has led to the introduction of products which has resulted in increased footfall of consumers eating at McDonalds and growth in the number of outlets nationwide.Concentrating on the marketing mix of McDonalds, quantitative data has helped the research identify-Pric ing strategypromotional strategy

Analysis of School Policies

Analysis of get wind aimdays PoliciesIntroductionAssignment whizz is to review several policies in an existing give instruction indemnity manual and to analyze each evaluating its efficacy. The school chosen for this assignment is Miami Shores Presbyterian church check (MSPCS) located in Miami Shores, Florida. MSPCS is a sm every last(predicate) religious based school for assimilators age eight weeks to fifth grade and provides families an affordable option for an striking academic and social- aflame computer chopineme.Created in 1966 as a stirs morning forth program, MSPCS was, and is, tumefy spotn for its sm all in all community and loving environment. The parents morning out program transiti nonpareild into a preschool program during the 1970s. In 1999 the church added a kindergarten shape to their preschool program. startle base base in 2003 the school began to add virtuoso(a) grade each class until finishing with the 5th-grade. In 2008 MSPCS had its first 5th-grade commencement. In July 2013 the school hired a smart skipper, and a year later he hired a parvenue preschool director. The school began break outing a rigorous academic program. With an increase effort on providing students with a quality school experience and the hiring of new instructors with proper certification/credentials, the school is now seeing the benefits of the transformation.insurance devising ProceduresThe Miami Shores Presbyterian church shallow accusation, appointed by the Miami Shores Presbyterian church Session elements, governs MSPCS. The tame Com cathexis has a come out of specific by-laws, which clear outline the habit of the com boot versus the school (Wirth). The form _or_ system of government manual is intended to provide admitlines and directives from the naturalise outfit to the Headmaster regarding general policies, deales, and guiding beliefs of the School. As such, the document contains censorious information for executin g management plans and processes necessary to meeting and maintaining the school purposes tell in the Miami Shores Presbyterian Church School Bylaws.Policies outlined in the MSPCS insurance form _or_ system of government manual(a) whitethorn be altered, amended, newly established, or repealed by a cardinal-thirds legal age vote of the delegating at any regular or additional meeting, providing that such channelises be proposed and presented to the Commission in writing at a previously scheduled commission meeting at least two weeks prior. The Headmaster whitethorn stool interim policies when necessary, and the policy go forth persist in effect until which prison term the Commission acts to establish permanent policy on the given matter. at that place are six overarching sections in the MSPCS policy Manual. They are academic and educational, finance, health and precaution, parents, personal and School Commission, and students. For the purpose of this assignment, analy zing one policy in each section would prove to be honest to gathering full insight into the reality, purpose, and efficacy of the schools manual.Challenge of Materials insurance faculty member and Education prickObjectives To establish a policy that helps Miami Shores Presbyterian Church School to respect the convictions of parents and teachers in various academic subject areas, while at the same prison term maintaining our goal of inform all subjects in the igniter of a all-round(prenominal) Christian worldview. backcloth This policy applies to all literary materials utilize at Miami Shores Presbyterian Church School.Definitions Objective Materials A subject which Christian families and churches commonly consider divisive, whether or non the introduction of the topic was aforethought(ip) by the teacher or brought up by a student. Examples implicate Environmentalism, the War Between the States, old earth/young earth, partisan politics, etc.Guidelines The MSPC School Co mmission has the net originity in retaining or excluding a defend from the collection. Any definition of objectionable material necessitys to guard our target readers in mind. The subroutine library exists to meet the needs of Elementary students. Materials that tycoon be deemed inappropriate for younger readers bequeathing not be omitted on that basis.Parents/Guardians that feel a book contains offensive material should follow the quest timbers to address the issueBring the book in movement to a Teacher, Media Specialist or Administrator. The Administrator or Media Specialist will review the book and determine if the offensive material is egregiously and indefensibly objectionable.If the material is not found to be egregiously and indefensibly objectionable, the book shall be returned to the collection. If the material is found to be objectionable, the book will be taken out of circulation.The Challenge of Materials indemnity is an maestro policy from the prior presi dentship, there is no reference number, and the establishment date and author are unknown. The policy is designed to address a parent who questions a book or material that the school and the Commission deem to be appropriate. In 1986, in reply to questions from librarians facing book or material challenges, the Intellectual Freedom Committee (IFC) established a list of definitions to explain vocabulary related to challenges (Merola). The charge for the IFC was to recommend such perverts as may be necessary to well(p)guard the fulls of library single-valued functionrs, libraries, and librarians, in accordance with the first amendment to the United States Constitution and the Library presentment of Rights as adopted by the ALA Council (Klipsch). The signifi loafert step of defining hurt that are universal provides library lag with an appropriate and consistent linguistic process when responding to a complaint. With this belowstanding, to date, the MSPCS Challenge Materia l Policy has not been confronted or questioned. Therefore, no revision is necessary to this policy. Although the policy addresses adult c erstwhilerns, it ultimately affects the students collectable to the electric potential of removing reading material and media from their library choices.Volunteer Hours Policy Finance SectionObjective To coiffe guidelines for volunteering requirements of families with children who string up the elementary school of Miami Shores Presbyterian Church School.Scope This policy applies to all families with children who participate in the elementary school of Miami Shores Presbyterian Church School.Guidelines Parents or guardians of elementary school students must complete a tokenish of 20 family moments of volunteer service per year. It is the sole righteousness of parents to sign-in and out on the volunteer card/sheet and to verify the card/sheet is pass by an MSPC or MSPCS module representative. Volunteer time of days that are not blamel ess by April 30th will be charged the rate of $25.00 per hour to the familys account.The Volunteer Hours Policy is an original policy from the prior administration, there is no reference number, and the creation date and author are unknown. Establishing a policy for mandatory volunteerism theoretically helps support the school and their initiatives to meet the mission. This policy addresses unmingled shortcomings or lack of desire for families to become involved with their childs education and otherwise school matters.There is veritablely enactment in California and daddy in regards to parent volunteerism. In both pillow slips, the legislation protects families that are inevitable to volunteer at their childs school from their employer who may not allow the time off. As youthfully as January 01, 2016, California expanded upon the Family School compact Act allowing, employees to take job-protected time off to find, enroll, or re-enroll their children in a school or with a lic ensed child care provider (Corcoran, 2017).The volunteer policy at MSPCS requires families to serve a minimum of twenty dollar bill volunteer hours per year or pay $25 for each hour under the infallible minimum. A volunteer is defined by Merriam-Webster (1960) as, a person who voluntarily (proceeding from the will or from ones own choice or consent) undertakes or demonstratees a willingness to undertake a service. By definition, requiring volunteer hours is an oxymoron and barelymore, charging individuals for not completing the requirement could be justification for litigation. The policy is in need of excretory product more than a revision. When parents understand and appreciate the significance of their support, a penal If wherefore policy is not necessary. When prospective parents come to school, they gather up the mission give tongue toment and discuss its importance with an executive. The first part of the schools mission statement is A Christ-inspired experience. Being Christ-inspired means for an individual to broaden their understanding of giving to others. As long as parents understand the importance of their affair in their childs education, there is no need of a policy requiring their presence.Evacuation, retrogression Evacuation, and Safety Drills Policy Health and Safety SectionObjective To set guidelines for Miami Shores Presbyterian Church School stakeholders in cosmos prepared for an takings when they may be in potential danger.Scope This policy applies to all Miami Shores Presbyterian Church School stakeholders.DefinitionsEvacuation The immediate and urgent movement of people out of a building from the threat or actual occurrence of a hazard.Reverse Evacuation The immediate and urgent movement of people at heart the building from the threat or actual occurrence of a hazard.Lockdown A confinement of all individuals to a secure location due to a comprehend or real threat.Guidelines all praxiss (evacuation, reverse evacuation, a nd lockdown) will be held on a monthly basis. During the first week of school, ply members shall take their class for a practice fire drill. Follow the evacuation office in the room using the primary route. The secondary route is in any case noted, and there will be one fire drill a year when the secondary route will be utilized. The school is fit with an intercom, fire alarm system and sprinkler system.The Evacuation, Reverse Evacuation, and Safety Drills Policy is an original policy from the prior administration with two key additions from the current administration in 2013. There is no reference number, and the creation date and author are unknown. Before 2013, the policy only addressed evacuation drills. The drill is typical in all United States schools and is commandd by federal law. The federal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act), which oversees Floridas business safety and health structure, requires that companies with ten or more employees have written fire g inmill and emergency brake exit plans, as well as practices for such an emergency for each rub downplace.During 2013, the new MSPCS administration include the reverse evacuation and lockdown safety drills to the policy in re achieve to the climate of todays society of schools under bombardment by unstable or angry people. The first known instance of a reverse evacuation drill policy was after the state of Kentucky put out a school crisis planning guide, and then FEMA included the policy in their guide (Dorn). Additionally, in 2013, a lockdown drill was instituted at MSPCS. On December 14, 2012, a tragedy occurred at Sandy draw Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, when a disturbed man went into the school and shot many students and several teachers. The administration recognise the potential of this occurring anywhere and why it is important to establish a policy for children and educators to understand and know what to do in this type of emergency. The Federal Government does not mandate lockdown drills. However, several states have legislation in place requiring schools practice lockdowns as frequently as they practice evacuation drills.Each of the safety drills and their proceed practices is essential to keeping students and educators prepared for an emergency situation. No one can tell how someone may react in an actual emergency, scarce having the knowledge of what to do, may decrease further stresses or even casualties. There are no plans to revise this policy, because of the eminent danger that society faces.paternal Non-Compliance Policy Parent SectionObjective To establish a set procedure for Miami Shores Presbyterian Church School administrators when parents are not in entry with school policy or procedures.Scope This policy applies to any time administration believes parents are not in compliance with school policy or procedures.Definitions Non-Compliance Failure to act in accordance with a inclination or command or inability to conf orm to rules or standards.Guidelines When an possibility is considered serious enough according to the schools parameters, all family members will be asked to take away from the school regardless of previous ensuants. In most instances, the following(a) will take placeFIRST INCIDENT Written notification regarding the incident or offense will be sent to the family and set(p) in the families file. A parent or guardian may be required to attend a meeting, at school, with the Administration.SECOND INCIDENT Written notification regarding the incident or offense will be sent to the family and placed in the families file. The parent, parents, or guardian will be required to attend a meeting with the Administration. The family will be put on probation for the correspondence of the school year.THIRD INCIDENT solely family members will be asked to bow out from school the following year, or if deemed appropriate, immediately.The administration has an obligation to inform the School Comm ission of any incident that reaches non-compliance status. In the event of family withdrawal, the School Commission has final authority to accept or reject the administrations passport.The Parental Non-Compliance Policy is an original policy from the prior administration along with a recent 2015 revision by the new administration. Included in the revised strain are the three step process and the paragraph giving final authority to the School Commission. Adding both parts to the policy ensures and protects the family and the administration from emotional decision making.There is no federal or state legislation on parental non-compliance at school, hardly many private schools do have some policy written to safeguard all parties. All members of a school community, including families, educators, students, visitors, and the administration, have the intention to work in league to provide the children the best experiences in their education and care. From the onset, families and mental faculty agree at the time of acceptance or employment to acquaint themselves with and meet the call of the schools philosophy and Code of Ethics. There are times when behaviors or actions go against the philosophy or code. Therefore, it is essential to have a policy and process for dealing with such occurrences. If the administration selects families into the school community that are mission appropriate and who can abide by the schools philosophy, then this policy, in theory, would not be necessary. Unfortunately, circumstance can arise, and each party needs to be protected and valued during trying times.In the next revision, an initial step of a verbal warning may be beneficial in providing due process to the policy and may mitigate any further escalation. Currently, the first step is to write up a warning of the incident, and this does not comply with the schools compassionate Community philosophy. Within the Caring School philosophy, one of the schools goals is to empower and listen to others to further understand their perspective. A conversation to express the school displeasure with a parents behavior or action allows the parent to provide their point of view. Through respectful and honest conversation, the school and parents may agree on a solution without further incident or create hard feelings.Evaluations/Personnel file cabinet Policy Staff, Personnel, and School Commission SectionObjectives To ensure consistency of procedure and standards in all carrying out sagaciousnesss of the staff of MSPCS.Scope This policy applies to commission military ranks of the Headmaster, the Headmasters evaluation of administrative staff, and the Directors assessments of the direction staff.DefinitionsEvaluation A procedure for measuring a staff members surgical operation in helping to achieve the goals and policies of MSPCS, the curriculum objectives of the school, and the ceremonial of the guidelines and handbooks.Personnel File A file maintained by the He admaster in the administrative office of MSPCS for all faculty and staff members of the school.General Statement some(prenominal) fundamental principles underlie the MSPCS approach to supervision and evaluation. These principles are grounded in current research that identifies effective instructional practices that maximize student schooling and achievement. The MSPCS illustration for supervision and evaluation recognizes the importance of linking teacher evaluation to professional developing and student education. It also acknowledges the value of a differentiated structure that supports teachers at varying stages of their career and experience and call downs greater teacher involvement in the evaluation process.At MSPCS we recognize the importance of the supervision, evaluation, and maestro Growth process. The MSPCS Supervision, Evaluation, PGP program incorporates supervisory options connected to personal growth in a collaborative environment.MSPCS is a professional comm unity, which encourages feedback and reflection as a means of promoting constant teacher growth and correctd student achievement. Meaningful feedback comes from multiple and various sources and provides an opportunity for reflection which sharpens our teachers skills of self-assessment.Supervision, Evaluation, and Professional Growth is an interactive process perceived as valuable by all involved.The MSPCS program involves assessment structures that promote an array of reflective, creative and analytic skills.In the MSPCS program, outstanding tenet is studied, sought, recognized and supported.By promoting structures that encourage professional development, a reflective school civilization and research-based practices MSPCS ensures that it will remain foc apply on its mission, vision, and continued goal to break student achievement.The objective of teacher supervision, evaluation, and professional learning is to increase student achievement by encouraging and supporting the prof essional growth of all teachers.Administrators AssuranceThe MSPCS Supervision, Evaluation, and Professional Growth Plan willProvide clear, concise, comprehensive teaching standards based on current research of best teaching practice.Provide a fair, clear system for teacher evaluation used on current research.Provide useful, timely feedback related to MSPCS teaching standards to guide professional development goals.Foster a culture of trust, mutual respect, and positive professional dialogue, which encourages risk taking in a learning community. flesh out the craft of teaching through reflection and risk-taking.Utilize data from student assessment to guide teaching practice as related to MSPCS teaching standards.Encourage teachers to chart their course for professional development.Value the diversity of teachers perspective, skills, knowledge, and practice.All MSPCS educators will haveSupport and encouragement from the Preschool Director, Headmaster and other staff members.Reviewed procedures and be informed on the supervision and evaluation format and forms.Professional development goals that incorporate one or more of the MSPCS Teaching Standards. many opportunities to be observed through walkthroughs.An annual formal written observation grounded on teacher reflection and growth.Opportunities to discuss their growth with the Preschool Director or Headmaster.Guidelines All employees will be formally evaluated at least once a year. Each director will be responsible for assessing the teachers and staff members immediately under his/her supervision. The Headmaster will be responsible for the evaluations of the directors, the be staff, and other support staff, and the commission will be responsible for the assessment of the Headmaster.The evaluations will be based principally on formal observations of the staff member and interviews with the staff member. Observations and opinions of third parties (parents, other staff members, individual commission members, etc .) may only be taken into account if the staff member being evaluated is given an opportunity to respond to the third partys questions/concerns raised onwards the finalization of the evaluation.The evaluation will be considered finalized when the staff member being evaluated and the one responsible for the evaluation both acknowledge by theme song that the assessment has been discussed in detail. When the evaluation is finalized, the Headmaster will place it in that staff members military force file. Other appropriate inclusions in the archive of staff would include letters of commendation or reprimand, as well as any responses, comments, or relevant data the staff member may wish to add.Under no conditions will a staff members personnel file be made public to other staff members, parents, or anyone outside MSPCS line of authority.The file of staff may be used by an authorized representative of MSPCS to draft a letter of recommendation to a prospective employer. The file is only to be used for purposes of refreshing the memory and is not to be reproduced for the prospective employer.The Evaluations/Personnel File Policy, all rewritten in 2016, from the original policy that was not a policy but more of an outline of procedures. In the original policy, there was no discover of school beliefs or the purposes of the assessment. Also, the wording in the original policy was punitive and full of if-than statements as opposed to helping an educator grow and develop their skills.Often formal evaluations cause stress to an educator, because of the plan or learning of another persons point of view placed on the individual. At MSPCS, the elimination of judgment and the focus on individual improvement and self-reflection help create a positive experience for all parties during evaluations. Marzanos model of instructional evaluation focuses on specific strategies and how well they are working. Taken one step further, MSPCS adds a component where the teacher generates the level of specificity during a self-reflection period and a pre-observation meeting with the administrator. During the pre-observation meeting, the teacher shares the learning targets for the students and how they plan to prepare the students for the lesson. The teacher provides a brief overview of the sequencing and strategies of the content of the lesson, how the students will practice or demonstrate the new content, and how students will summarize the lesson. During the meeting, the teacher selects an area they would like to improve upon and asks the administrator to assess him/her on a specific task or technique. Additionally, the teacher prescribes two or three questions that he/she would like the administrator to ask the students.During the observation, the administrator documents what is heard or seen, without opinion or judgment. He/She then moves approximately the room asking the prescribed questions the teacher presented to him/her during the pre-observation meeting a nd documents the answers the students gave to him/her.A post-observation meeting is held within a day or two to vex the momentum and to provide effective feedback. The meeting always begins with the question, On a scale of one to ten, ten being the best, what would you rate your lesson? Not one person in seven years of asking the question has rated themselves a ten, which means the conversation begins with the understanding that everyone has room to improve. Much of the conversation revolves around the administrator continually asking what do you think and why do you think type questions, because the process is a self-reflection, not a judgment of being good or poor. After analyzing the data, we set goals to work on for the next observation, which may not be a formal one. The psyche of the evaluation as a growth process instead of a judgment allows teachers to step back and truly look inward at their practice in a non-threatening way. There are no plans to change this policy as it has proven to be very effective.Discipline Policy Student SectionObjectives To ensure consistent biblical direct at Miami Shores Presbyterian Church School.Scope This policy applies to all elementary students at Miami Shores Presbyterian Church School.Definitions Discipline The practice of instructing and training people to understand and adhere to rules or a code of behavior.Guidelines Each class develops their student appropriate force field guidelines. Under no circumstances is corporal punishment allowed. Staff members may not withhold the bathroom, withhold food or belittle the student.MSPCS believes that everyone has the right to experience a safe and friendly school environment. Therefore, we have expectations that students willKeep hands, feet and all objects to themselves.Show respect for adults and other students.Cooperate and return self-control at all times.Follow directions the first time without questioning.Be prepared for class each day.Be punctual and attend cla ss each day.The school will not tolerate any of the following behaviors and may be cause for expulsionVerbal and carnal fighting.Defacing or damaging school property.Theft of school or personal property.The use of profanity or name-calling.Procedures When a student violates classroom/school rules for the first time, teachers will discuss the infraction with the student and document the incident.In the event a student commits a second infraction, the teacher will butt against the parent to discuss the issue and document the parent/teacher group discussion as a Step Two Referral. A parent must be contacted for a StepTwo Referral to be completed.If a third infraction occurs, the StepThree Referral must be documented on the referral form. If the student is disrupting the class to the point where learning cannot take place in the classroom, they may be sent to pronounce with the Preschool Director or Headmaster.If infractions continue to occur and are impeding upon the learning proces s for the student and others, the student may be sent home. A follow-up meeting will happen with the Preschool Director or Headmaster when the student returns to school. This session will be reflective in reputation and to set guidelines and goals for the student to meet.All missed class work due to an infraction of a rule must be completed at home and returned to the teacher when the student arrives back to school.Transgressions, including but not extra to fighting, weapons, severe disrespect, bullying, etc. will result in disciplinary action which may include dismissal from school, even for a first offense.Also, if the MSPCS staff identify, through the course of observation and discussion with parents, that a students particular behavioural issues are beyond the capacity of the program to serve them, the school militia the right to terminate enrollment at any time.The Discipline Policy is an original policy from the prior administration, there is no reference number, and the cr eation date and author are unknown. All schools have a redress policy because it is a critical element in maintaining a safe environment for students and staff. In many schools, a discipline policy states all of the things a student cannot do and what will happen if they do it.At MSPCS, the student discipline policy is more of a threat of course on paper, because the current administration does not believe in move students home as a punishment. Skiba, Shure, Middelberg, Baker (2011) offer there is no evidence proving that discipline practices that eliminate students from classes by the punitive acts of suspensions and expulsions help to improve either student behavior or school climate. Instead of displace a student home, where they will often be unsupervised, developing an effective intervention at school is more in line with the schools Caring Community philosophy.Another part of this policy that is inaccurate is in the first line that states consistent biblical discipline. T he Bibles view on discipline clearly demands that parents be responsible and diligent in spanking, but strongly prohibits physical abuse of any kind (Ingram, 2006). Further, in the MSPCS student discipline policy, it states under no circumstances is corporal punishment allowed. At MSPCS, the administration is not reinforcing the written policy properly, and the language in the policy is sending miscellaneous messages to our families. An easy fix to the discrepancy is to eliminate the word biblical from the policy. However, a complete rewrite of the policy is necessary to match the schools philosophy of a Caring Community and preserving dignity for all.The Caring Community requires a positive-based discipline program where students are self-reflective and empowered while maintaining their dignity. The goal is for students to take responsibility for their actions and learn from each of their experiences. At MSPCS, the school teaches students to look inward to work towards developing intrinsic motivation, while at the same time simplification teacher-centric external motivation. The objective is to influence change in a students hateful behavior through conversation, demonstration, and sending a consistent message. At MSPCS teachers perplex training in the art of being an authoritative classroom leader. agree (2010) states, An authoritative teacher set high standards and hold high expectations follow through rules and standards in a firm, fair, and consistent manner and promote autonomy by encouraging students active participatio

Types Of Pollution And Their Effects Environmental Sciences Essay

Types Of taint And Their effects Environmental Sciences EssayThe introduction of toxic waste materials, otherwise forms of befoulment which are a hazard to the life sustaining glory of the planet ball is commonly cognise as taint. contamination affects the ecosystem of the planet causes discomfort to more or less every living organism on the face of the planet. It is the result of ever-increasing contamination into the environment that the ozone layer over the earth that defends us from the damaging ultraviolet illumination rays of the sun is being depleted. Recent rise in the temperature of many countries crosswise the world is besides the result of the same. ( contamination)Types of PollutionTypically, on that point are main(prenominal) types of defilement, which are line of credit Pollution pissing PollutionNoise PollutionLand PollutionAir PollutionAir Pollution is the contamination of air in the atmosphere that is important for every living being on the planet to sustain life. The common air pollutants (the substances which cause pollution) take smoke and harmful gases from industries, CFCs and oxides produced by the automobiles, the burning of solid wastes, i.e. sulphur oxides, CO, CO2, particulate matter, NH3, smoke produced by explosives and other radioactive particles (e.g. Radon gas is released into the atmosphere because of radioactive decay within the Earths crust) being released into the atmosphere. Air Pollution burn also be a consequence of the natural disasters such as a vol open fireic eruption.Ill-effects of Air PollutionAir pollution causes depletion of the custodial ozone layer. It also has dire health effects on the individuals living on earth it may cause respiratory problems, asthma, lungs and heart diseases, etc. Air pollution also affects the cardiovascular system, but the effects depend on the individuals exposure to the pollutants.How to prevent Air PollutionSince some of the reasons of air pollution are natural, t here is hardly any sort of possible charitable control. But, for the human caused pollution, one of the finest charges to stop air pollution is to liberty chit more or cycle more, rather than driving cars and other push vehicles, because the emission from them is the most prominent form of air pollution in todays context. Regular and on-time maintenance of vehicles put up also help reduce the pollution substantially. Usage of bio-fuels, like CNG, and bio-gas also aid prevention of pollution in the atmosphere. In order to make sure that these rules are being followed there could be some kind of legislation from the government in the single countries to ensure that there is reduced pollution ever. (Pollution, Water Pollution, Air Pollution)Water PollutionWater is one of the most important natural resources on the planet which is one of the necessary elements to sustain life on earth. increase of harmful products to water which make is unusable is commonly known as Water Polluti on. These products could be chemical, biological or physical materials that deteriorate the character reference of water and the lives associated with it. Some of the most common water pollutants include industrial wastes (which are directly dumped into the sea of lakes making the water unfit for fishes and other organisms living in the water), domestic and farm wastes, oil spills, pesticides, as rise as mining and unpolished wastes. (Pollution, Water Pollution, Air Pollution)Ill-effects of Water PollutionAbout 40% of the deaths globally are accounted by water pollution. bemire water affects the flora and fauna of the sea organisms and these organisms when consumed by humans, cause harmful diseases. Also, the contamination of drinking water, which is produced from natural water resources, causes diseases such as jaundice, cholera, or typhoid.How to prevent Water PollutionAs such, there are no ways to ensure prevent water pollution. The most effective way to prevent water polluti on is to generate consciousness among the spate virtually the ill-effects of the same and if possible, enforce laws to prevent disposal of harmful wastes into the water.Noise PollutionIt is the excessive cacophony in the environment, primarily due to sounds created by machines. It is broadly speaking caused by loudspeakers, microphones, loud music, fraudulent scheme from industries, from construction and civil engineering kit and caboodle etc.Ill-effects of Noise PollutionThe main problem that noise pollution, (also known as sound pollution), causes is that it affects the physiological and psychological health of an individual who is overt to the excessive sound. Sometimes, it can even cause deafness and impaired hearing. It also causes annoyance which might result on blood pressure variations, in the end leading to coronary diseases.How to prevent Noise PollutionAgain, legislation can be one of the most effective ways to reduce noise pollution. Also creation of airports, bus stands etc away from residential areas can be an effective way. (Noise Pollution and its control)Land PollutionDegrading the earths surface by improper commercial, industrial, agricultural and domestic activities is known as trim back pollution. dump of e-wastes and other industrial wastes into the kill causes land pollution. Insecticides, pesticides etc also harm the agricultural land and the soil. Mining, deforestation, oil refineries construction debris, etc are the most common land pollutants.Ill-effects of Land PollutionThe agricultural capability of soil gets affected as a result of the land pollution, making it infertile and unusable for landed estate purposes. Also, it might result in the lowering of water table at heart the ground.How to prevent Land PollutionIn order to prevent land pollution, individual should be more focused on buying bio-degradable products and the products can also be recycled, i.e. recycling the inorganic materials should be an important focus. As far as organic compounds are considered, they can be dumped in places which are far away from residential places or agricultural lands. simplification the use of pesticides and insecticides can also aid land pollution prevention. rock oil spilling has to be taken care of. Anti-littering campaigns can be initiated to create cognisance about ill-effects of littering.ConclusionIn conclusion, it would be safe to say that pollution is very important to be controlled if life is intended to be free burning on the planet. It may be in different forms but if the masses can be properly informed and educated along with unbending legislations, pollution can be controlled.

Terri Schiavo :: essays research papers

The wind up of look is inevitable. For most it is for seen and understood what ones final wishes are. Living provides provide those issues in question with answers. What if an individual does non have a living will? Who would be in charge in making final decisions for individual who cannot physically make those decisions? The story of Terri Schiavo brings most many questions that represents moral, ethical, and legal issues.Terri Schiavo collapsed in her home on February 25, 1990. She suffered cardiac arrest and anoxic brain damage. The need of oxygen to the brain caused major brain damage. The cerebral cortex had been on the whole destroyed and replaced by cerebrospinal fluid. Her upper brain was estimated to be about 80 percent destroyed. However her brainstem, which is responsible for breathing and heartbeat, was still military operation properly. This allowed Schiavo to survive with the assistance of a feeding tube. Terri Schiavo was diagnosed to be in a Persistent Veget ative State (P.V.S).At the time of Terri Schiavos collapse, she was unite to Michael Schiavo. Under Florida law, this made Michael Terris legal guardian. Terri also had the support of her parents, phellem and Mary Schindler. Michael Schiavo believed that his wife Terri would have never wanted to live life as a vegetable. Since Terri never had a living will, wishing to drivel medical treatment. Michael Schiavo is drawing his conclusion on conversations with his wife before the accident. subsequently three years of ineffective therapy. Michael Schiavo petitioned to discontinue the life support for Terri. Her parents did not agree with Schiavos wishes. Bob and Mary Schindler have been battling with Michael Schiavo for over 10 years.

Love in Desires Baby, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, and The Nym

hunch in Desires Baby by Kate Chopin, The Passionate sheepman to His Love by Christopher Marlowe, and The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd by Sir Walter Raleigh The socioeconomic condition and status of a person greatly impacts whether or non retire allow for be reciprocated. That is evidenced by the story of Dsires Baby, by Kate Chopin and the poems The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, by Christopher Marlowe and The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd, by Sir Walter Raleigh. solely these literary works relate fuck with socioeconomic status and how whop is subordinated to societys norms. Dsires Baby is clear a story about the clash of love and social status. It takes military post in Louisiana in a clipping where slavery was nonetheless present and dictated the way of life. It is a story about love and how it can be plagued by racial divide. Armand did not care that Dsires past was unknown and decided to marry her. He probably didnt care that much because as the saying goes what you wearyt know cant hurt you. At the time Dsire had her baby things started to change. When Madame Valmond visited Dsire and the baby it was already obvious by her reaction that race and status were going to affect the love and the marriage. When Armand figured out that the baby wasnt 100% clean the marriage fell a area and it all ended. The fact that his wife was part black was to hard for him to bear, it was something unacceptable in society in those days. In an ironic twist of faith Armand then found out by dint of a letter from his mother to his father that he was the one who was genuinely part black. The story clearly shows how status can interfere with love. As this passage shows it Armand loved Dsire The pass... ...gh love is a individualised feeling it still needs, most of the time, societys acceptance to live concrete. If society and its norms judge that a love shouldnt happen and that it isnt real (even if it is) it usually will no t work out, it will be destined to fail. It is said that all you need is love, but that is rarely the case. Most people feel like they need acceptance and that will not happen if they break societys norms, even love is subordinate to those norms. Works CitedSchilb, John, and John Clifford, eds. Making Literature Matter An Anthology for Readers and Writers. capital of Massachusetts Bedford/St. Martins, 2003.Marlowe, Christopher. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love. Schilb and Clifford 846-847.Raleigh, Sir Walter. The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd. Schilb and Clifford 848.Chopin, Kate. Dsires Baby. Schilb and Clifford 864-868.

Good Man :: essays research papers

A "Good" universe Is Hard To Find A "Good human" Is Hard To Find I had neer really psychoanalysed any work of literature before this class. I read books and stories for fun exactly never to analyze them. I instanter understand that in any piece of literature there is unceasingly a background or hidden agenda that the author wants the reader to call for from the reading. In this paper I am going to analyze Nathaniels Hawthornes "Young Goodman cook" to find the meaning. In "Young Goodman Brown" the admirer experiences redemption, and through this redemption comes to an uncertain right virtually himself and his life. This uncertain truth lies within his "faith" in himself, his community, and his wife. Young Goodman Brown is initially characterized in the fabrication as a good puritan who is devoted to his wife, the community, and the Christian way of life. His wife, Faith, symbolizes his faith in himself, the community, and "Fa ith" herself. Goodman Brown is fight with temptation, the devil, and the slipway of the Christian faith. He doesnt feel that he can face this struggle. He has a low level of confidence in himself, as did the author, Hawthorne himself. Hawthorne wrote this story during a time when he himself was growing up doubting the Puritan faith. This story takes place at least a generation by and by the Salem Witch Trials. Both Brown and Hawthorne exhibit doubt in themselves as well as their Roland 2 ancestors. Goodman Brown is also struggling with his past. He must take a journey into the forest, which represents temptation and evil, but can also represent good. Salem can be set forth as a good place as well as an evil place. Several even upts take place during Browns journey. On his way into the forest, Brown meets his "fellow traveler", who is easily recognized as the devil. The devil tries to get Brown to crossover from the Christian way of life to sin by offering his serpent ine staff. He makes several advances, but Brown continually refuses. The devil tells Brown that his family has had dealings with him in the past (269). This makes Brown even more aware of his faith. He wants to remain a good man no matter what his ancestors were accused of, which was witchcraft and deviltry. Going on about his trip, Brown passes many of his mentors including Goody Cloyse and Deacon Gookin.

Womens Position in Society in Virginia Woolfs A Room of Ones Own Ess

Wowork forces Position in Society in Virginia Woolfs A room of Ones OwnThe passage at the end of the Third Chapter in A Room of Ones Own by Virginia Woolf deals with two study themes of this essay. The first being the ways in which women were kept down and make modest to men, and the second being how this run intoed womens writing. Woolf asserts that women were do inferior as a direct result of mens sensed superiority. This assertment provides a new way of thinking about womens embarrasseder berth position in society and the subsequent low opinion men held of women and their capabilties as writers. Woolf firmly believes that it is the prerogative of all writers to pay great watchfulness to what is thought of them and to suffer when that opinion is negative. Because the opinion of womens writing was negative, women could non write freely. Their minds, Woolf believes, were clouded with agendas. They had something to resurrect or a grudge to vindicate. This is not the ideal smudge for writing, or the proper environment for genius. Therefore, through her ultra way of examining womens position in society, Woolf proves that the mascu short letter complex and low expectations of women impeded upon their writing process. One major theme this essay illuminates is that of what subordinated women and how that inferiority was maintained. Woolf states, Even in the nineteenth century a woman was not encouraged to be an artist (55). In fact she was discouraged and made to believe such a vocation was beyond her capabilities. Here Woolf turns the retail store around showing that women did not consciously choose not to stick writers, but were prodded not to write by men. Woolf speculates about the affects of this discouragement saying... ...ganized the tralatitious way of examining womens position in society and its affect on their art. Her concept of the masculine complex approaches gender relations from a totally different angle. It i s male superiority not female inferiority, which perpetuates this system. mens dominance is strong and their resistance to the womens movement was so effective that even strong willed women were humbled. Women were further hindered by the prevailing male sentiment that they were incompetent writers. This naturally fired womens incentive to prove their capabilities, because all artists are concerned about what others think of them. Yet, this very situation inhibits creativity and continued to prevent women from reaching their full potential. This new line of thinking explains and reexamines the forces that held women down and separated them from their genius.